Research progress of nano delivery system in breast cancer treatment / 中国药房

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously threatens women’s health at present. Although surgical treatment is the most direct and effective， it is limited by many factors and needs to be assisted by other treatments. In addition to conventional radiotherapy， these adjuvant therapies also include chemotherapy， gene therapy， phototherapy and so on. However， the therapeutic agents used in these treatment methods have some limitations， such as poor water-solubility， instability and targeting. With the development of nano-technology， more and more researchers construct and study nano delivery system for breast tumor treatment， such as response system designed based on tumor microenvironment， temperature sensitive response system， nano delivery system based on specific proteins of tumor cell membrane， etc. The author summarizes the nano delivery system， and finds that these nano delivery systems can not only improve the water-solubility and stability of the therapeutic agents， but also accurately deliver them to the breast tumor site by targeted means， improve the efficacy and reduce toxic side effects， which provides new ideas for the treatment of breast cancer in the future.

Mechanism of Tingli Dazao Xiefeitang on Cell Pyrolysis and Apoptosis Induced by Caspase-1 in A549 Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of coking death and apoptosis of A549 cells induced by Tingli Dazao Xiefeitang. MethodA549 cells were randomized into blank group， traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） low， medium， and high concentration groups， which were treated with 20， 40， 60 mg·L-1 Tingli Dazao Xiefeitang， and TCM low， medium， and high concentration groups， respectively， and blank group was treated with equal volume culture medium. After 48 h of treatment， cell migration was detected by scratch assay and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The relative expression levels of cysteine aspartate protease-1（Caspase-1）， NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， dermoderin D （GSDMD）， Survivin protein and nuclear transcription factor -κB （NF-κB） pathway proteins were detected by Western blot. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） were determined by DCFH-DA fluorescence probe， and the contents of tumor necrosis factor -β （TNF-β） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultCompared with blank group， the scratch healing rate， apoptosis rate， relative expression of Survivin protein， Caspase-1， GSDMD， NLRP3， ROS and NF-κB phosphorylation levels were significantly increased in low， medium and high concentration groups. The contents of TNF-β and IL-1β in supernatant were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the low concentration group， the scratch healing rate， apoptosis rate， Survivin protein relative expression， Caspase-1， GSDMD， NLRP3 relative expression， ROS and NF-κB phosphorylation levels were significantly increased in the medium and high concentration groups. The contents of TNF-β and IL-1β in supernatant were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the TCM group， the scratch healing rate， apoptosis rate， Survivin protein relative expression， Caspase-1， GSDMD， NLRP3 relative expression， ROS and NF-κB phosphorylation levels were significantly increased in the high concentration group. The contents of TNF-β and IL-1β in supernatant were significantly increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionTingli Dazao Xiefeitang can improve NLRP3 protein expression， inhibit Survivin protein expression and promote apoptosis of A549 cells. At the same time， it can activate NF-κB pathway and ROS system， up-regulate the expression of Caspase-1 and GSDMD， mediate scortosis of A549 cells.

Performance Verification of SeqType® P52 Human Ancestry Identification SNP Detection Kit / 法医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the discrimination efficiency of the SeqType® P52 Human Ancestry Identification SNP Detection Kit based on a high-throughput sequencing platform in five Chinese ethnic groups. Methods Using the SeqType® P52 Human Ancestry Identification SNP Detection Kit based on a high-throughput sequencing platform, a total of 350 samples from Han, Tibetan, Mongolian, Uygur, and Yi populations in China were detected and population cluster analysis was performed. Results The effective sequencing depth of a single site in a single sample was ≥720×, and the average report rate was 96%. The mean values of allele frequency differences between the Tibetan, Mongolian, Uygur, Yi and Han population were 0.20, 0.05, 0.24 and 0.11, respectively. Using Structure 2.3.4 software under K=5 mode, independent ancestral component in Han, Tibetan and Uygur could be detected, which was consistent with the result observed from the principal component analysis （PCA）. For the Yi population, two thirds of them had relatively independent ancestral component close to the Tibetan population and one third were similar to the Uygur population. The Mongolian population had similar ancestral origin component with Han population. Conclusion The composite detection system with 52 screened ancestry-informative SNP sites has been established in this study, which can effectively analyze the composition and individual genetic components of populations from Han, Tibetan and Uygur. The ability to discriminate among Han, Mongolian and Yi needs to be further improved. The SeqType® P52 Human Ancestry Identification SNP Detection Kit can be used to infer the origin of an individual's ancestors in some forensic DNA cases.

Discussion on the problems and countermeasures of medical education in pediatrics after graduation / 中国实用儿科杂志

clinicians,which play a key role in the process of pediatricians becoming talented. Post-graduation medical education in China has been continuously institutionalized and standardized,and has achieved remarkable progress. However,there are still many problems in the implementation process. The author will carry out in-depth analysis concerning the national policy,base construction,teacher construction and students themselves,propose countermeasures and suggestions for existing problems,and provide ideas for the formation of an efficient and sustainable mechanism for pediatric talent training.

Using Ultrasonography to Evaluate the Relationship between Capsular Invasion or Extracapsular Extension and Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Previous studies have demonstrated that ultrasonography is the recommended imaging modality for preoperative staging of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). However, only a few studies have kept watch on preoperative evaluation of capsular invasion (CI) or extracapsular extension (ECE) and cervical lymph node metastasis using preoperative ultrasonography. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the CI or ECE and the cervical lymph node metastasis in PTCs using preoperative ultrasonography and postoperative pathology in Chinese patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of preoperative ultrasonography and postoperative pathology of 166 patients who had a definitive diagnosis of PTCs from October 2011 to July 2014 at Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing were collected and reviewed. Preoperative ultrasonic parameters of thyroid nodules were compared with those of postoperative pathological diagnoses. All the patients were divided into bilateral PTCs group (n = 42, 78 nodules) and unilateral PTCs group (n = 124, 124 nodules), and the data of the nodule sizes, CI or ECE, and cervical lymph node metastasis by preoperative ultrasonography were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 202 nodules of 166 patients which were confirmed by preoperative ultrasonography and postoperative pathology were analyzed. Hypoechogenicity (n = 201, 99.5%) and irregular margins (n = 167, 82.7%) were the main ultrasonic characteristics of PTCs. A significant moderate agreement between preoperative ultrasonic examination and postoperative pathology for CI or ECE (κ = 0.622, P< 0.001) was observed. The diagnostic sensitivity was 92.0%, and specificity was 71.1%. In bilateral PTCs group, 81.0% had CI or ECE, and 61.9% had cervical lymph node metastasis. In unilateral PTCs group, 76.6% had CI or ECE, and 58.1% had cervical lymph node metastasis. There were no significant differences in the incidence of CI or ECE and cervical lymph node metastasis between two groups (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ultrasonography was proved to be a valuable method for preoperative diagnosis of PTCs. Hypoechogenicity and irregular margins were strongly associated with PTCs. CI or ECE in unilateral PTCs strongly implied the cervical lymph node metastasis. Therefore, the cervical lymph nodes should be carefully examined by ultrasonography in patients with PTCs.</p>

Utilization Investigation and Rationality Evaluation of Vancomycin during the First Half Year of 2015 in A Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization of vancomycin in a hospital,and provide reference for the rational use of vancomycin. METHODS:Retrospective survey was conducted for the medical records of 180 inpatients using vancomycin from Jan. to Jun.,2015 in the hospital. The general information,usage and dosage and pathogenic examination were summarized,do-mestic vancomycin rational use evaluation criteria was conducted to evaluate the medication rationality,summarize and analyze cor-responding inappropriate questions. RESULTS:The vancomycin drug utilization index(DUI)of 180 cases was 0.88(mainly elder-ly patients);the microbial test sample submission rate was 84.44%(152 cases);there were 74 cases (41.11%) about the drug combination;32 cases(17.87%)about unauthorized use;37 cases(20.56%)about inappropriate use,in which inappropriate sol-vent(12 cases,32.43%)and inappropriate drug combination(11 cases,29.73%)were the main types. CONCLUSIONS:The clin-ical application of vancomycin is good with no abusing phenomenon,and the microbial inspection rate is qualified in the hospital. But there still exists some problems or shortcomings when using vancomycin,it is necessary to further standardize the medication monitoring of vancomycin to ensure patients’safety.

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of UP1304, a botanical composite containing standardized extracts of Curcuma longa and Morus alba / 中西医结合学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Though the initial etiologies of arthritis are multifactorial, clinically, patients share the prime complaints of the disease, pain. Here the authors assessed the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of UP1304, a composite that contains a standardized blend of extracts from the rhizome of Curcuma longa and the root bark of Morus alba, on rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A plant library was screened for bradykinin receptor antagonists. In vivo, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the standardized composite, UP1304, were evaluated in rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema using oral dose ranges of 100-400 mg/kg. Ibuprofen, at a dose of 200 mg/kg, was used as a reference compound. In vitro, cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition assays were performed to evaluate the degree of inflammation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Statistically significant improvements in pain resistance and paw edema suppression were observed in animals treated with UP1304, when compared to vehicle-treated rats. Results from the highest dose of UP1304 (400 mg/kg) were similar to those achieved by ibuprofen treatment at 200 mg/kg. In vitro, UP1304 showed dose-dependent inhibition of the enzymatic activities of COX and LOX. A half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 9.6 μg/mL for bradykinin B1 inhibition was calculated for the organic extract of C. longa. Curcumin showed Ki values of 2.73 and 58 μg/mL for bradykinin receptors B1 and B2, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Data presented here suggest that UP1304, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent of botanical origin, acted as a bradykinin receptor B1 and B2 antagonist, and inhibited COX and LOX enzyme activities. This compound should be considered for the management of symptoms associated with arthritis.</p>

Distribution of podophyllotoxin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers after topical application on cervical mucosa in Tibet minipigs / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the distribution and systemic toxicity of podophyllotoxin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (POD-NLC) after topical application on the cervical mucosa in Tibet minipigs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve Tibet mini-pigs were randomized into test group and control group to receive topical application of 0.5% POD-NLC and 0.5% POD tincture, respectively, on the cervical mucosa. Cervical mucosal irritation, targeted distribution and systemic absorption of POD were observed at different time points within 24 h after the drug application.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No local inflammation reaction was observed in the test group, while serious local irritations (swelling, blisters, blood blisters, erosion and ulceration) occurred in the control group. The fluorescence intensity of POD in the mucosal tissue reached the peak level at 4 h after drug application in the control group, while the POD fluorescence intensity increased slowly and reached the peak level at 16 h in the test group. The peak blood POD concentration occurred at 6 h after POD-NLC application in the test group (14.28∓0.33 ng/mL), as compared to 4 h in the control group (42.46∓0.32 ng/mL). At all the time points within 24 h, blood POD concentration remained significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (P<0.05), and the area under curve of blood POD concentration in the control group was 1.38-fold greater than that in the test group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>POD-NLC allows sustained release of POD and achieves a higher POD concentration in the mucosal tissue without causing local irritation or obvious systemic toxicity in Tibet minipigs.</p>

HPLC specific chromatogram of Lamiophlomis Herba and its counterfeit and determination of four effective components / 中国中药杂志

This study is to establish the HPLC specific chromatogram and determine four main effective components of Lamiophlomis Herba and its counterfeit.Chlorogenic acid, forsythoside B, acteoside and luteoloside were reference substance.HPLC analysis was performed on a Waters XSelect C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.5% phosphoric acid solution (18∶82) with isocratic elution.The flow rate was 1.0 mL•min⁻¹, the detection wavelength was 332 nm and the column temperature was 30 ℃.Chemometrics software Chempattern was employed to analyze the research data.HPLC specific chromatogram of Lamiophlomis Herba from different samples were of high similarity, but the similarity of the HPLC specific chromatogram of its counterfeit were less than 0.65.Both of cluster and principal component analysis can distinguish certified products and adulterants.The HPLC specific chromatogram and contents of four effective components can be used for the quality control of Lamiophlomis Herba and its preparations.It provided scientific basis to standardize the use of the crude drug.

Consistency study of PowerPlex 21 kit and Goldeneye 20A kit and forensic application / 法医学杂志

UNLABELLED@#To ensure the consistency of genotype results for PowerPlex 21 kit and Goldeneye 20A kit.@*METHODS@#The STR loci were amplified in DNA samples from 205 unrelated individuals in Beijing Han population. And consistency of 19 overlap STR loci typing were observed. The genetic polymorphism of D1S1656 locus was obtained.@*RESULTS@#All 19 overlap loci typing showed consistent. The proportion of peak height of heterozygous loci in two kits showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The observed heterozygosis of D1S1656 was 0.878. The discrimination power was 0.949. The excluding probability of paternity of triplet was 0.751. The excluding probability of paternity of diploid was 0.506. The polymorphism information content was 0.810.@*CONCLUSION@#PowerPlex 21 kit and Goldeneye 20A kit present a good consistency. The primer design is reasonable. The polymorphism of D1S1656 is good. The two kits can be used for human genetic analysis, paternity test, and individual identification in forensic practice.

Modified TRIzol method for RNA and DNA co-extraction from blood / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a new method for RNA and DNA co-extraction from the same sample by TRIzol reagent.@*METHODS@#After the aqueous phase which contained total RNA was removed by traditional TRIzol method, the values of pH of the interphase phase and organic phase were adjusted. The DNA was precipitated with ethanol and purified with DNA IQ system. The purified DNA was measured in quality and quantity. As the template, it was amplified and typed by PCR-STR. The data was compared with that extracted by traditional TRIzol method.@*RESULTS@#The DNA extracted by this modified method showed a better result of quality and quantity than that by traditional TRIzol method and a good STR typing.@*CONCLUSION@#The modified TRIzol method is advisable and reliable to simultaneously extract both DNA and RNA from the same sample. It could be used for individual identification and paternity testing to satisfy the need of forensic science.

Genetic polymorphisms of 16 non-CODIS STR loci in Beijing Han population / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 16 non-CODIS loci (D6S477, D22-GATA198B05, D15S659, D8S1132, D3S3045, D17S1290, D14S608, D2S441, D18S535, D13S325, D10S1435, DlS2368, DIS1656, D7S3048, D10S1248 and D19S253) in Beijing Han population.@*METHODS@#The DNA of 300 unrelated individuals in Beijing Han population were PCR amplified using GoldeneyeM DNA identification system 18NC kit, and the PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis through 3130XL genetic analyzer. The fragment sizes of alleles were taken subsequently by GeneMapper v3.2.@*RESULTS@#The distributions of genotype frequencies of 16 non-CODIS STR loci in Beijing Han population satisfied the Hardy-Weinberg equilibration. The population genetic parameters were obtained as followings: heterozygosity was 0.677-0.873; discrimination power, 0.890-0.967; probability of paternity exclusion, 0.393-0.741; and polymorphism information content, 0.706-0.853.@*CONCLUSION@#These 16 non-CODIS STR loci show great genetic polymorphisms in Beijing Han population, and are useful for the research of population genetics and forensic application.

Estimating the body volume status in maintenance hemodialysis children with multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To evaluate the body volume status in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) children with multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance.Methods Nine end-stage-renal-disease patients undergoing MHD from Aug.2011 to Mar.2012 in blood purification department of Beijing Children's Hospital and 171 cases of healthy control group were investigated.Over hydration (OH),total body water(TBW),extracellular water(ECW),i ntracellular water (ICW) of MHD children pre-and post-hemodialysis and healthy children were measured with the body composition monitor which was based on multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance and the values were standardized by body weight to produce TBW％,ECW％ and ICW％.Results There were statistical differences of OH,TBW,ECW and ECW％ before and after dialysis,but no statistical difference of ICW.By contrast,ECW％ values pre-dialysis were higher,but post-dialysis were lower than that of healthy control group.Pre-and post-dialysis ICW％ values in HD children were similar to those of healthy control group.Conclusions ECW％ increased in MHD children;the main function of normal hemodialysis is to remove extra ECW,which has little effect on ICW.The measurement of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance can provide an objective basis for capacity status.

A new method of identifying the peripheral blood and the menstrual blood / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the tissue-specific gene expressions of the peripheral blood and the menstrual blood, and to search some specific factors to establish an effective method for identifying the peripheral blood and the menstrual blood.@*METHODS@#The specific products of the peripheral blood and the menstrual blood were detected by RT-PCR and separated by electrophoretic technology.@*RESULTS@#Beta-spectrin (SPTB) as one specific marker of peripheral blood and 18S rRNA as a kind of the housekeeping gene were expressed in both the peripheral blood and the menstrual blood. However, matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) as one specific marker of menstrual blood and human beta defensin 1 (HBD1) as one specific marker of vaginal discharge were only found in the menstrual blood.@*CONCLUSION@#There are differences of specific gene expressions between the peripheral blood and the menstrual blood. They could be accurately distinguished from each other by using the combination of fluorescence technology and RT-PCR to detect the specific identification of mRNA.

Isolating sperm cells by laser capture microdissection technique from mixture sample / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the application value of laser capture microdissection (LCM) technique for isolating a small number of sperm cells from mixture sample.@*METHODS@#Mixture samples were prepared with sperm cells and vaginal epithelia at different concentrations. Both LCM technique and the differential lysis method were employed to obtain sperm cells from the mixture samples, and DNA was extracted by magnetic beads method. STR genotyping was determined using Identifiler kit.@*RESULTS@#The successful STR genotype rate of sperm cells isolated from mixture samples with LCM technique was 92.86% (13/14). The rate of differential lysis method was 7.14% (1/14). The successful rates between the two methods were statistically different (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#LCM technique can effectively exclude the interference of female cell component and isolate a small number of sperm cells to obtain a single male STR genotyping. LCM technique is obviously better than the differential lysis method.

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Methods100 patients treated with HBO were taken as treatment group, and other 50 patients without HBO as control group. Their effectual rate were compared.ResultsThe total effectual rate of treatment group was 61%,and that of control group was 42%(χ2=4.86,P<0.05).ConclusionHBO can improve the recovery of nervous disorder after hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.

Expression of c-erbB2 protein and its relation to prognosis in 284 primary breast cancer patients / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of oncoprotein c-erbB2 in primary breast cancer and to analyze its relation to its prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical staining for c-erbB2 was performed on paraffin-embedded specimens of primary breast cancer from 284 patients, and the relation to its prognosis was statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive expression rate of c-erbB2 was 26.8% (76/284) in 284 primary breast cancer patients. Expression of c-erbB2 was positively correlated with the status of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.003). Univariate analysis indicated that c-erbB2 expression is a significant prognostic factor for the disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.024) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.002), while multivariate analysis demonstrated that c-erbB2 is an independent prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.023). Moreover, tumors with c-erbB2 positive expression are more tend to metastasis to other viscera than those with c-erbB2 negative. c-erbB2 expression has different prognostic values for patients with different status of estrogen receptor (ER) and lymph node metastasis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>c-erbB2 expression is an independent prognostic factor for total survival time in primary breast cancer patients, and its prognostic values are different according to the different ER status and lymph node metastasis.</p>